Analysis of long-term safety and efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B throughout pregnancy

Background: Limited data exist regarding the efficacy and long-term safety of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy throughout pregnancy for women with chronic hepatitis B and their children. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 165 women in total: 91 women received telbivudine (LDT) and 74 women received tenofovir (TDF) throughout pregnancy. The virological response and safety in women were recorded, and the physical development and bone mineral density in children were evaluated up to 5 years of age. Results: The rate of virological breakthrough in women was 4.24% overall (7.70% in LDT group and 0% in TDF group; P < 0.05). No cases of renal injury or other obstetric adverse events occurred in either group of women. Among the children, only one child had a significantly low Z score for weight for age (