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Fault Detection and Classification in MMC-HVDC Systems Using Learning Methods
- Source :
- Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 16, p 4438 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- In this paper, we explore learning methods to improve the performance of the open-circuit fault diagnosis of modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Two deep learning methods, namely, convolutional neural networks (CNN) and auto encoder based deep neural networks (AE-based DNN), as well as stand-alone SoftMax classifier are explored for the detection and classification of faults of MMC-based high voltage direct current converter (MMC-HVDC). Only AC-side three-phase current and the upper and lower bridges’ currents of the MMCs are used directly in our proposed approaches without any explicit feature extraction or feature subset selection. The two-terminal MMC-HVDC system is implemented in Power Systems Computer-Aided Design/Electromagnetic Transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) to verify and compare our methods. The simulation results indicate CNN, AE-based DNN, and SoftMax classifier can detect and classify faults with high detection accuracy and classification accuracy. Compared with CNN and AE-based DNN, the SoftMax classifier performed better in detection and classification accuracy as well as testing speed. The detection accuracy of AE-based DNN is a little better than CNN, while CNN needs less training time than the AE-based DNN and SoftMax classifier.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14248220
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 16
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Sensors
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.fd59361cfa884711a4f3026b00857f5a
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164438