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The Multifaceted Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Health and Disease
The Multifaceted Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Health and Disease
- Source :
- Biomolecules, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 688 (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2023.
-
Abstract
- In humans, the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of proteins is encoded by 16 genes presented in seven different classes. GSTs exhibit remarkable structural similarity with some overlapping functionalities. As a primary function, GSTs play a putative role in Phase II metabolism by protecting living cells against a wide variety of toxic molecules by conjugating them with the tripeptide glutathione. This conjugation reaction is extended to forming redox sensitive post-translational modifications on proteins: S-glutathionylation. Apart from these catalytic functions, specific GSTs are involved in the regulation of stress-induced signaling pathways that govern cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, studies on the effects of GST genetic polymorphisms on COVID-19 disease development revealed that the individuals with higher numbers of risk-associated genotypes showed higher risk of COVID-19 prevalence and severity. Furthermore, overexpression of GSTs in many tumors is frequently associated with drug resistance phenotypes. These functional properties make these proteins promising targets for therapeutics, and a number of GST inhibitors have progressed in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2218273X
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Biomolecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.fe3261347ef461da534d32f3bcb5e60
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040688