Characterization and mechanism investigation of salt-activated methionine sulfoxide reductase A from halophiles

Summary: Halophiles, thriving in harsh saline environments, capture scientific interest due to their remarkable ability to prosper under extreme salinity. This study unveils the distinct salt-induced activation of methionine sulfoxide reductases (MsrA) from Halobacterium hubeiense, showcasing a significant enhancement in enzymatic activity across various salt concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 M. This contrasts sharply with the activity profiles of non-halophilic counterparts. Through comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that salt ions stabilize and compact the enzyme’s structure, notably enhancing its substrate affinity. Mutagenesis analysis further confirms the essential role of salt bridges formed by the basic Arg168 residue in salt-induced activation. Mutating Arg168 to an acidic or neutral residue disrupts salt-induced activation, substantially reducing the enzyme activity under salt conditions. Our research provides evidence of salt-activated MsrA activity in halophiles, elucidating the molecular basis of halophilic enzyme activity in response to salts.