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A Validated Trigonelline-Based Method for the Standardization and Quality Control of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
- Source :
- F1000Research. 13:1350
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- London, UK: F1000 Research Limited, 2024.
-
Abstract
- Background Fenugreek, or Trigonella foenum-graecum L, is an edible and medicinal plant of the Fabaceae family. Fenugreek seeds are rich in proteins, lipids, and essential nutrients, and they also contain various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, steroidal saponins, coumarin, and alkaloids such as trigonelline. Trigonelline (TG) is a bioactive plant alkaloid initially extracted from fenugreek seeds. A substantial portion of fenugreek’s health benefits may rely on the presence of TG. This study addresses the critical need for a fast, green, and economical method that overcomes inefficiencies, high solvent usage, and sensitivity limitations in the quantification of TG. Methods Fenugreek seeds from various origins were extracted using three green solvents: acetone (ACt), ethanol (EtOH), and water (H 2O). The UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated using a green mobile phase of H 2O: EtOH, and an r 2-value of 0.999 in the linearity range of 0.1-500 ppb was adopted. The method was validated with an accuracy of 98.6% for trace analysis of TG using a small amount (10 mg) of fenugreek samples from five different origins. Results The average extract yield was 5.36 mg/100 mg with a standard deviation (SD) of 6.3, with the highest extract yield observed in H 2O. The ESI (+ve) of the UPLC-MS/MS resulted in the fragmentation pattern ( m/z) 138→94.10→92.05→78.20. The TG quantification revealed an average TG concentration of 181.4 ppb (SD = 176.4), with the highest amount of TG in H 2O extract (mean = 392.7, SD = 132.4 ppb), followed by EtOH (mean = 91.9, SD = 83.3 ppb) and ACt (mean = 59.5, SD = 30.9 ppb). The TG amount observed in the validation step substantiated the efficiency and reproducibility of the developed method. Conclusions The method may be used as an effective tool for a green, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly extraction and quantification of TG in diverse matrices of pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, herbal, and food products.
- Subjects :
- Research Article
Articles
Fenugreek
UPLCMSMS
green
extraction
analysis
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20461402
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- F1000Research
- Journal :
- F1000Research
- Notes :
- Revised Amendments from Version 1 This version of the article incorporates significant revisions based on reviewers' insightful feedback, enhancing the clarity, accuracy, and overall quality of the manuscript. Key updates include a more comprehensive discussion of the disadvantages of traditional TG quantification methods compared to the developed UPLC-MS/MS approach. The abstract has been revised to better articulate the research gap and include units for extract yield and TG concentration. Additionally, formatting has been standardized throughout the manuscript, including consistent use of "UPLC-MS/MS" and descriptive phrasing for standard deviations. Specific improvements have been made to the results section, including the addition of TG percentages in all samples for comparative purposes. However, comparisons with literature values were considered challenging due to differences in sample preparation methods, with this study focusing on intact seeds rather than powdered ones. The discussion was streamlined to eliminate repetitive content and emphasize findings addressing the research gap, along with comparisons of TG content expressed in percentages to strengthen contextual relevance. Further refinements were made to the methodology and conclusion sections for clarity and precision. For example, redundant phrasing such as "and other countries" was removed, and sentences highlighting the simplicity and eco-friendliness of the method were split for improved readability. The definition of phytochemicals in the abstract was also revised to distinguish between non-nutritive bioactive compounds and nutritional components like proteins and amino acids. These revisions ensure the manuscript meets high scientific standards, addresses reviewer concerns, and conveys the study's innovative contributions to TG quantification using green, efficient, and sensitive analytical methods., , [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsfor.10.12688.f1000research.157659.2
- Document Type :
- research-article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157659.2