Merging parametric active contours within homogeneous image regions for MRI-based lung segmentation

Inhaled hyperpolarized helium-3 ([sup.3]He) gas is a new magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent that is being used to study lung functionality. To evaluate the total lung ventilation from the hyperpolarized [sup.3]He MR images, it is necessary to segment the lung cavities. This is difficult to accomplish using only the hyperpolarized [sup.3]He MR images, so traditional proton ([sup.1]H) MR images are frequently obtained concurrent with the hyperpolarized [sup.3]He MR examination. Segmentation of the lung cavities from traditional proton ([sup.1]H) MRI is a necessary first step in the analysis of hyperpolarized [sup.3]He MR images. In this paper, we develop an active contour model that provides a smooth boundary and accurately captures the high curvature features of the lung cavities from the [sup.1]H MR images. This segmentation method is the first parametric active contour model that facilitates straightforward merging of multiple contours. The proposed method of merging computes an external force field that is based on the solution of partial differential equations with boundary condition defined by the initial positions of the evolving contours. A theoretical connection with fluid flow in porous media and the proposed force field is established. Then by using the properties of fluid flow we prove that the proposed method indeed achieves merging and the contours stop at the object boundary as well. Experimental results involving merging in synthetic images are provided. The segmentation technique has been employed in lung [sup.1]H MR imaging for segmenting the total lung air space. This technology plays a key role in computing the functional air space from MR images that use hyperpolarized [sup.3]He gas as a contrast agent. Index Terms--Active contour, hyperpolarized gas MRI, image segmentation, merging.