Rationalization of anomalous nonlinear effects in the alkylation of substituted benzaldehydes

The reactions of benzaldehydes with electron-donating substituents on the aromic ring exhibited a more significant nonlinear effect in these reactions than the electron-withdrawing substituents. The modification of Noyori model rationalizes the apparently anomalous results that were observed through a simple extension of the Noyori model to allow for nonthermodynamically controlled monomer/dimer partitioning.