Scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging by means of high-frequency impedance measurements in feedback mode

A specific measurement technique and a calibration procedure are employed to estimate fast variations of the high-frequency impedance of ultramicroelectrodes (UME) under potential control. The technique allows real-time electrolyte-resistance Re measurements from an analogue signal, the amplitude of which is inversely proportional to the modulus of the UME impedance.