Selection of station insulators with respect to ice and snow--Part II: methods of selection and options for mitigation

In locations exposed to freezing conditions over the station service life, additional measures for selecting adequate station insulators at distribution and transmission voltage levels should be taken. This second part of the paper describes the selection process and mitigation options, based on the environmental parameters, as discussed in Part I. These include insulator size, shape, surface material, surface quality, electric field improvement, and orientation. Index Terms--Climate, contamination, flashover, fog, high voltage, ice, insulator coordination, snow, station insulators.