Topological overview of hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicular power system architectures and configurations

This paper discusses the operational characteristics of the topologies for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), fuel cell vehicles (FCV), and more electric vehicles (MEV). A brief description of series hybrid, parallel hybrid, and fuel cell-based propulsion systems are presented. The paper also presents fuel cell propulsion applications, more specific to light-duty passenger cars as well as heavy-duty buses. Finally, some of the major fundamental issues that currently face these advanced vehicular technologies including the challenges for market penetration are highlighted. Index Terms--Electric drives, electric propulsion, electric vehicles, fuel cells, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), internal combustion engines, power electronic converters, road vehicles.