Lack of relationship between calcium intake and body size in an obesity-prone population

Objective Dietary calcium intake, especially from dairy products, may have a protective effect against obesity. This study aimed to determine if calcium intake is associated with body weight and adiposity in Pima Indians, an obesity-prone population. Research methods and procedures Subjects were 65 Pima Indian adults (35 men/30 women, age 33[+ or -]8 years [mean[+ or -]standard deviation]) participating in a study of eating behavior and 78 Pima Indian children (36 boys/42 girls, age 10.4[+ or -]0.3 years) participating in a study of childhood obesity. Height and weight were measured, and body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Food intake in adults was assessed using the Block 1998 Food Questionnaire; food intake in children was assessed using a 24-hour recall with parental assistance. Results In adults, mean energy intake was 3,163[+ or -]1,037 kcal/day, mean percentage of energy from fat was 41%[+ or -]7%, and calcium intake was 914[+ or -]333 mg/day. In children, mean energy intake was 1,988[+ or -]733 kcal/day, mean percentage of energy from fat was 36%[+ or -]9%, and calcium intake was 637[+ or -]352 mg/day, half the recommended daily intake for this age group. There were no significant associations between calcium intake and body weight (r=0.05, P=.71; r=0.04, P=.73), body fat (r=0.16, P=.19; r=0.12, P=.42), or body mass index (r=0.01, P=.97; r=0.04, P=.77) in either adults or children, respectively. Discussion One explanation for the lack of association between reported calcium intake and body size in Pima Indians may be that the high-fat, high-energy diet consumed by the population overwhelmed the "anti-obesigenic" effect of calcium. Conclusions We were unable to find an association between calcium intake and body size or adiposity in Pima Indian adults and children. Although the essentiality of calcium to bone health is well established, the role of calcium and dairy product intake in obesity and weight management remains uncertain. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105:1401-1407.