Mode-coupling characteristics and efficiency of quantum-dot electrically injected photonic crystal waveguide-coupled light-emitting diodes

The optical coupling characteristics of the anticrossing couplings between a photonic crystal (PC) microcavity quantum-dot (QD) light-emitting diode (LED) and a transverse PC waveguide are analyzed. The emission spectra reveal that all anticrossing couplings between the cavity and waveguide are involved in the output coupling process.