Potential-modulated, attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methanol) copolymer films on indium-tin oxide

Potential-modulated spectroelectrochemical ATR (PM-ATR) instrument is applied using multiple internal reflections at an optically transparent electrode to analyze the charge-transfer kinetics and electrochromic response of adsorbed films. This method is used to investigate the high-speed limit of electrochromic switching in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methanol) (PEDTM) polymer and copolymer films.