An image processing system for locating craniofacial landmarks

A new automatic target recognition algorithm has been developed to extract craniofacial landmarks from lateral skull x-rays (cephalograms). The locations of these landmarks are used by orthodontists in what is referred to as a cephalometric evaluation. The evaluation assists in the diagnosis of anomalies and in the monitoring of treatments. The algorithm is based on gray-scale mathematical morphology. A statistical approach to training was used to overcome subtle differences in skeletal topographies. Decomposition was used to desensitize the algorithm to size differences. A system was trained to locate 20 landmarks. Tests on 40 x-rays showed an 85% recognition rate on average.