Evolution of two-dimensional electromagnetic devices using a novel genome structure

The majority of evolutionary algorithm applications in electromagnetic design have focused on optimization of device dimensions. This approach preconceives the final device shape. To facilitate the evolution of complex and creative designs through genetic algorithms, a novel genome and genetic operators are introduced. They are then used to evolve a patch antenna for dual-frequency operation. The final design that emerges has a fitness roughly triple that of the standard approach. Index Terms--Electromagnetic optimization, genetic algorithms (GAs), patch antennas.