Altered expression of connexin43 contributes to the arrhythmogenic substrate during the development of heart failure in cardiomyopathic hamster

Heart failure is known to predispose to life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias even before compromising the systemic circulation. but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the connexin43 (Cx43) gap junction remodeling and its potential role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias during the development of heart failure. We investigated stage-dependent changes in Cx43 expression in UM-X7.1 cardiomyopathic hamster hearts and associated alterations in the electrophysiological properties using a high-resolution optical mapping system. UM-X7.1 hamsters developed left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy by ages 6-10 wk and showed a moderate reduction in LV contractility at age 20 wk. Appreciable interstitial fibrosis was recognized at these stages. LV mRNA and protein levels of Cx43 in UM-X7.1 were unaffected at age 10 wk but significantly reduced at 20 wk. The expression level of Ser255-phosphorylated Cx43 in UM-X7.1 at age 20 wk was significantly greater than that in control golden hamsters at the same age. In UM-X7.1 at age 10 wk, almost normal LV conduction was preserved, whereas the dispersion of action potential duration was significantly increased. UM-X7.1 at age 20 wk showed significant reduction of cardiac space constant, significant decrease in conduction velocity, marked distortion of activation fronts, and pronounced increase in action potential duration dispersion. Programmed stimulation resulted in sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in UM-X7.1. LV activation during polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was characterized by multiple phase singularities or wavebreaks. During the development of heart failure in the cardiomyopathic hamster, alterations of Cx43 expression and phosphorylation in concert with interstitial fibrosis may create serious arrhythmogenic substrate through an inhibition of cell-to-cell coupling. cardiomyopathy; ventricular arrhythmia; optical mapping; phosphorylation