Superconducting high-resolution A?D converter based on phase modulation and multichannel timing arbitration

A flux-quantizing analog-to-digital converter is built using rapid single flux quantum elements. The converter features a single-junction voltage-biased front end that provides wide-dynamic-range hysteresis-free operation with fractional-flux-quantum least significant bit. The front end also enables the generation of high-linearity multibit differential code, allowing conversions with large oversampling ratio and effective resolution.