Steady-state analysis of the multistage constant modulus array

A steady-state analysis of the multistage constant modulus (CM) array based on a Wiener formulation of the convergence condition shows that the multistage CM array can recover many cochannel sources and provide estimates of their angles of arrival. The closed-form expressions for the CM array and canceller weight vectors suggest that the unique canceller weights are proportional to the direction vectors of the captured sources. Computer simulations verify the results and demonstrate the impermanence of a cascade adaptive beamforming system for fixed and fading channels.