Relationships between sleep quality and glucose regulation in normal humans

The slow-wave (SW) sleep stages increase plasma glucose levels and insulin secretion rates (ISR) during early night sleep, and the rapid-eye-movement and wake stages bring it back to the original level during late sleep. Sleep deprivation decreases the glucose level and the ISR during the later part of the night, despite regular glucose infusion and bed rest. Daytime recovery sleep increases the SW stages and the glucose levels peak earlier than that during night sleep. The decrease in ISR and glucose during daytime sleep is 50% of that during the night sleep.