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Genotype over-diagnosis in amygdala responsiveness: affective processing in social anxiety disorder
- Source :
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. Jan, 2009, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p30, 11 p.
- Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Background: Although the amygdala is thought to be a crucial brain region for negative affect, neuroimaging studies do not always show enhanced amygdala response to aversive stimuli in patients with anxiety disorders. Serotonin (5-HT)-related genotypes may contribute to interindividual variability in amygdala responsiveness. The short (s) allele of the 5-HT transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the T variant of the G-703T polymorphism in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene have previously been associated with amygdala hyperresponsivity to negative faces in healthy controls. We investigated the influence of these polymorphisms on amygdala responsiveness to angry faces in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) compared with healthy controls. Methods: We used positron emission tomography with oxygen 15-labelled water to assess regional cerebral blood flow in 34 patients with SAD and 18 controls who viewed photographs of angry and neutral faces presented in counterbalanced order. We genotyped all participants with respect to the 5-HTTLPR and TPH2 polymorphisms. Results: Patients with SAD and controls had increased left amygdala activation in response to angry compared with neutral faces. Genotype but not diagnosis explained a significant portion of the variance in amygdala responsiveness, the response being more pronounced in carriers of s and/or T alleles. Limitations: Our analyses were limited owing to the small sample and the fact that we were unable to match participants on genotype before enrolment. In addition, other imaging techniques not used in our study may have revealed additional effects of emotional stimuli. Conclusion: Amygdala responsiveness to angry faces was more strongly related to serotonergic polymorphisms than to diagnosis of SAD. Emotion activation studies comparing amygdala excitability in patient and control groups could benefit from taking variation in 5-HT-related genes into account. Contexte: Meme si l&apos;on considere l&apos;amygdale comme une region du cerveau cruciale pour l&apos;affect negatif, les epreuves de neuroimagerie ne revelent pas toujours un rehaussement de la reactivite amygdalienne aux stimuli aversifs chez les patients souffrant de troubles anxieux. Les genotypes lies a la serotonine (5-HT) pourraient contribuer a la variabilite interindividuelle de la reponse amygdalienne. L&apos;allele (s) court du gene polymorphe 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region), un transporteur de la 5-HT, et la variante T du polymorphisme G-703T du gene TPH2 (tryptophan hydroxylase-2) ont ete associes anterieurement a une hyperreactivite amygdalienne aux visages exprimant une emotion negative chez des temoins en bonne sante. Nous avons voulu mesurer l&apos;influence de ces polymorphismes sur la reactivite amygdalienne aux visages exprimant la colere chez des patients atteints de phobie sociale, comparativement a des temoins en bonne sante. Methodes : Nous avons utilise la tomographie par emission de positrons avec de l&apos;eau radioactive marquee a l&apos;oxygene 15 pour mesurer le debit sanguin cerebral regional chez 34 patients souffrant de phobie sociale et 18 temoins a qui l&apos;on presentait des photographies de visages en colere ou neutres en sequence contrebalancees. Nous avons etabli le genotype de tous les participants pour ce qui est des polymorphismes 5-HTTLPR et TPH2. Resultats : Les patients souffrant de phobie sociale et les temoins ont presente une activation amygdalienne gauche accrue en reponse aux visages en colere, par rapport aux visages neutres. Il a ete possible d&apos;expliquer une portion significative de la variance de la reactivite amygdalienne par le genotype, mais non par le diagnostic, la reponse ayant ete plus prononcee chez les porteurs des alleles s ou T. Limites : Nos analyses ont ete limitees en raison du petit echantillon et du fait que nous n&apos;ayons pas pu assortir les participants selon leurs genotypes avant leur inscription a l&apos;etude. De plus, d&apos;autres techniques d&apos;imagerie, non utilisees lors de notre etude, auraient pu reveler certains effets additionnels des stimuli emotionnels. Conclusion : La reactivite amygdalienne aux visages exprimant la colere a ete plus intimement liee aux polymorphismes serotoninergiques qu&apos;au diagnostic de phobie sociale. Les etudes d&apos;activation des emotions comparant l&apos;excitabilite de l&apos;amygdale chez des groupes de patients et de temoins pourraient utiliser avantageusement les variations des genes lies a la 5-HT.<br />Introduction The amygdala has long been associated with fear reactions and detection of danger signals. (1) Studies in animals and humans have confirmed that the amygdala is a critical structure [...]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 11804882
- Volume :
- 34
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Gale General OneFile
- Journal :
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsgcl.191646857