Diana monkey long-distance calls: messages for conspecifics and predators

The predation and communication context of Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana diana) long-distance calls was studied. Monkey long-distance calls function as defense against predators, by conveying predator detection and by warning co-species about the type of danger present. It also functions as within-group symbolic signals that denote different types of predators. The experiment on Diana monkeys allowed not only the responses to alarm calls but also the factors that influence call production.