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Comparison of gastrointestinal complications in on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Authors :
Croome, Kris P.
Kiaii, Bob
Fox, Stephanie
Quantz, Mackenzie
McKenzie, Neil
Novick, Richard J.
Source :
Canadian Journal of Surgery. April 2009, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p125, 4 p.
Publication Year :
2009

Abstract

Gastrointestinal complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), although infrequent, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could contribute to these complications. [...]<br />Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), although infrequent, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that systemic inflammatory response plays an important role in these complications. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is well known to cause increased systemic inflammation, and therefore it has been proposed that performing CABG using an off-pump technique could substantially minimize the risk of GI complications. Prolonged CPB duration has been shown to be an independent predictor of GI complications; however, the effect of avoiding CPB altogether through off-pump procedures has not been thoroughly examined. We sought to compare the incidence of GI complications in patients undergoing on-pump and off-pump CABG. Methods: We analyzed prospectively entered data on 2451 patients who Underwent isolated CABG between January 2000 and October 2004. We compared GI complication rates in 5 predetermined areas (GI bleed, ileus, pancreatitis, ischemic bowel and cholecystitis) among patients who had on-pump CABG with those of patients who had off-pump CABG. We also compared in-hospital mortality due to these complications between the 2 groups. Results: We compared data for a total of 2010 patients in the on-pump group and 441 in the off-pump group. In the on-pump group, 30 (1.49%) patients experienced GI complications compared with 4 (0.91%) in the off-pump group (p = 0.34). Gastrointestinal bleed was the most common complication in the off-pump group. Eight patients in the on-pump group experienced ischemic bowels compared with no patients in the off-pump group. Six patients (0.3%) in the on-pump group died from GI complications, whereas no patients in the off-pump group died from such complications (p = 0.25). Conclusion: We found no significant difference in the total number of GI complications between the off-pump and on-pump groups; however, trends could be seen in the types of GI complications that occurred in the 2 groups. Owing to the relatively infrequent occurrence of GI complications, a larger scale study would be beneficial to determine whether the differences observed would be significant. Contexte: Les complications gastro-intestinales (GI) apres une chirurgie de pontage coronarien sont rares, mais elles sont associees a une morbidite et une mortalite importantes. Certains ont evoque le role contributif de la reponse inflammatoire systemique dans ce type de complication. On sait en effet que la circulation extracorporelle cause une inflammation systemique, d'ou l'hypothese selon laquelle la realisation des pontages coronariens au moyen d'une technique ne faisant pas appel a la circulation extracorporelle reduirait substantiellement le risque de complications GI. La duree prolongee des interventions de pontage est un facteur predicteur independant des complications GI. Toutefois, les autres techniques permettant d'eviter completement la circulation extracorporelle n'ont pas fait l'objet d'etudes approfondies. Nous avons voulu comparer l'incidence des complications GI chez des patients ayant subi un pontage coronarien selon qu'ils etaient ou non sous circulation extracorporelle. Methodes: Apres saisie prospective des donnees de 2451 patients ayant subi un pontage coronarien simple entre janvier 2000 et octobre 2004, nous avons procede a une analyse. Nous avons compare les taux de 5 types de complications GI predetermines (saignements GI, ileus, pancreatite, ischemie intestinale et cholecystite) chez des patients soumis a un pontage coronarien avec ou sans circulation extracorporelle. Nous avons aussi compare la mortalite perhospitaliere resultant de ces complications entre les 2 groupes. Resultats: En tout, nous avons compare les donnees de 2010 patients du groupe avec circulation extracorporelle et de 441 patients du groupe sans circulation extracorporelle. Dans le groupe avec circulation extracorporelle, 30 patients (1,49%) ont eu des complications GI, contre 4 (0,91%) dans le groupe sans circulation extracorporelle (p = 0,34). Les saignements gastro-intestinaux ont ete la complication la plus frequente dans le groupe sans circulation extracorporelle. Dans le groupe avec circulation extracorporelle, 8 patients ont presente une ischemie intestinale, comparativement a aucun patient dans le groupe sans circulation extracorporelle. Enfin, dans le groupe avec circulation extracorporelle, 6 patients (0,3%) sont decedes des suites de complications GI, tandis qu'aucun patient du groupe sans circulation extracorporelle n'est decede de telles complications (p = 0,25). Conclusion: Nous n'avons observe aucune difference significative quant au nombre total des complications GI entre les groupes avec ou sans circulation extracorporelle. Il a toutefois ete possible de degager certaines tendances relativement au type de complications GI observees dans les 2 groupes. Etant donne la relative rarete des Complications GI, une etude a plus grande echelle serait indiquee pour determiner si les differences observees sont veritablement significatives.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
0008428X
Volume :
52
Issue :
2
Database :
Gale General OneFile
Journal :
Canadian Journal of Surgery
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsgcl.197418694