Effect of growth phase feeding strategies on succinate production by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli

Aerobic growth conditions have affected anaerobic succinate production in two-stage fermentation by Escherichia coli AFP111 with knockouts in rpoS, pflAB, idhA and ptsG genes. Enzymes involved in the reductive arm of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate shunt have displayed elevated activities at a low cell growth rate limited by glucose, which have provided AFP111 with intracellular redox balance and increased succinic acid yield and productivity.