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Expansion of subalpine woody vegetation over 40 years on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Authors :
Jackson, Michelle M.
Topp, Emmeline
Gergel, Sarah E.
Martin, Kathy
Pirotti, Francesco
Sitzia, Tommaso
Source :
Canadian Journal of Forest Research. March 1, 2016, p437, 7 p.
Publication Year :
2016

Abstract

Climate change is leading to the global loss of open montane meadows by facilitating tree and shrub encroachment at high elevations. North America's coastal mountains are particularly vulnerable to these changes, as they are relatively low elevation compared with interior mountains and contain only small areas of alpine tundra. We compared aerial photographs from 1962 with those from 2005 covering three subalpine regions on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to document the extent of changes in woody vegetation and investigate associations between vegetation change and topography. Mean proportional woody vegetation cover increased significantly from 0.75 ± 0.03 to 0.81 ± 0.03 between 1962 and 2005 (p < 0.0001). Relative increase in woody vegetation cover was greater at higher elevations and on northerly aspects. These findings confirm an upward expansion and infilling of trees and shrubs and a reduction of the area encompassed by open alpine tundra on Vancouver Island. Loss of open meadow conditions at high elevations in this region will likely have consequences for alpine plant and animal communities. Key words: climate change, ecosystem structure, subalpine, Vancouver Island, woody vegetation. Les changements climatiques entrainent le recul mondial des prairies de montagne en favorisant l'empietement des arbres et arbustes a haute altitude. Les montagnes cotieres de l'Amerique du Nord sont particulierement vulnerables a ces changements etant donne qu'elles sont relativement peu elevees comparativement aux montagnes situees a l'interieur du continent et qu'on y retrouve seulement de faibles superficies de toundra alpine. Nous avons compare des series de photographies datant de 1962 avec des photographies prises en 2005 qui couvrent trois regions subalpines sur l'ile de Vancouver, en Colombie-Britannique, afin de documenter l'ampleur des changements dans la vegetation ligneuse et d'etudier les associations entre les changements dans la vegetation et la topographie. La proportion moyenne du couvert de vegetation ligneuse a significativement augmente de 0,75 ± 0,03 a 0,81 ± 0,03 entre 1962 et 2005 (p < 0,0001). L'augmentation relative du couvert de vegetation ligneuse a ete plus prononcee aux altitudes plus elevees et sur les pentes exposees au nord. Ces resultats confirment l'expansion vers le haut et l'envahissement des arbres et des arbustes ainsi que la reduction de la superficie occupee par la prairie alpine sur l'ile de Vancouver. La perte des conditions associees aux prairies ouvertes a haute altitude dans cette region aura vraisemblablement des consequences pour les communautes alpines de vegetaux et d'animaux. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: changements climatiques, structure des ecosystemes, subalpin, ile de Vancouver, vegetation ligneuse.<br />Introduction Mountain ecosystems are among those most at risk from climate change (Lenoir et al. 2008; Dirnbock et al. 2011). Of great concern is the loss of open alpine tundra [...]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00455067
Database :
Gale General OneFile
Journal :
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsgcl.447032559
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0186