A friend in a forest of radiation-immune interactions: BAMBI improves antitumor effects by limiting Radioresistance

Radiation's impact on the tumor and immune microenvironment Radiation therapy (RT) remains one of the most effective oncologic treatments available, whether used in a primary, adjunctive, or palliative fashion. Its [...]
Radiation therapy (RT) remains one of the most effective and utilized oncologic treatments available. While it can directly yield tumor cell death, its impact on the immune microenvironment is more complex, promoting either an antitumor response or, conversely, a tumor-promoting state. TGF-[beta], induced by RT, yields a more immunosuppressive environment, including potentially blunting response to immune-checkpoint blockade. In this issue of the JCI, Wang and colleagues demonstrate that RT reduced expression of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), a TGF-[beta] pseudoreceptor. Limiting this effect, or increasing BAMBI, improved RT-induced tumor cell killing, tumor response, and antitumor immune effects. This realization points to a pathway of potential clinical translation.