Performance of the light trigger system in the liquid Xenon [gamma]-ray imaging telescope LXeGRIT

LXeGRIT is a balloon-borne Compton telescope for MeV [gamma]-ray astrophysics, based on a liquid xenon time projection chamber with charge and light readout. The energy and direction of an incident [gamma]-ray are reconstructed from the three-dimensional locations and energy deposits of individual interactions taking place in the homogeneous detector volume. While the charge signals provide energy information and X-Y-positions, the fast xenon scintillation light signal is used to trigger the detector. The drift time measurement, referred to the time of the trigger signal, gives the Z-position with the known drift velocity. The light is detected by four ultraviolet-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The logical OR of the PMT signals triggers the data-acquisition system with an efficiency that depends on the event energy and location, as well as on the discriminator thresholds used on the individual PMTs. Results from experiments with a tagged [sup.22]Na source give the spatial distribution of the light trigger efficiency for 511-keV [gamma]-rays. When averaged over the whole sensitive volume and all PMTs, the trigger efficiency is 47% or 40% for two discriminator windows used during the LXeGRIT balloon flight of 1999. These values are strongly affected by the different sensitivity of each PMT. The corresponding average efficiency at 511 keV for the best of the four PMTs is in fact 63% and approaches 100% for interactions taking place in a small volume right above the PMT. Index Terms--Compton telescope, [gamma]-rays, liquid xenon, scintillation, time projection chamber (TPC), trigger.