Radial equivalents to map networks to market formats--an approach using quadratic programming

In deregulated electricity markets, transactions take place between suppliers and buyers located at different nodes of the network. The electrical network connecting such transacting nodes may form complex paths between nodes with intermediate nodes and parallel paths. This paper maps the complex meshed electrical network to radial network equivalents to mirror the transactions. Such equivalent networks do not replace the existing power flow analyzes, simultaneous feasibility tests, or other procedures. However, the equivalents obtained by using quadratic programs, retain the properties and laws of physics of the original network while offering a convenient method of tracking market transactions to allocate costs and responsibilities. Applications to the allocation of losses, reactive power, and congestion contracts are shown. Index Terms--Equivalent circuits, load flow analysis, optimization methods, power transmission, quadratic programming.