Synthesis and characterization of biobased copolyesters based on pentanediol: (2) Poly(pentylene adipate-co-terephtbalate)

Traditionally, most flexible food packaging is made of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) which cannot easily be recycled, nor will it degrade in a reasonable timescale. In this work, a biobased biodegradable polyester alternative was investigated as a possible replacement for LLDPE. High molecular weight poly (pentylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with a 40/60 adipic acid/terephthalic acid mole ratio was synthesized using direct esterification and polycondensation. Glycerol and hexane-1,2,5,6-tetrol were added as branching agents to better match the structure of the LLDPE which in turn might help the ability of these materials in film-blowing. Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the copolyesters were thoroughly investigated. All copolyesters had a weight-average molecular weight of over 140,000 g/mol, which is necessary for proper rheology, and were thermally stable up to 350[degrees] C. The addition of branching agents led to a slight decrease in crystallinity, d-spacing, melting temperature, enthalpy of melting, stress at break, and elongation at break. However, an increase in Young's modulus and complex viscosity at high frequency were observed compared to PPeAT60 without branching agent added. Although the improved crystallinity and mechanical properties of the copolyesters made them viable for film-blowing, the slow crystallization rate creates a major challenge. Highlights * Linear and branched poly(pentylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PPeAT) synthesized. * Properties compared to commercial poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). * Glass and melting temperatures comparable to commercial PBAT. * Extensional and shear viscosity comparable to commercial PBAT. * PPeAT stiffness is factor of 2 higher than PBAT; ultimate properties similar. KEYWORDS biodegradable, branched, PBAT, pentanediol, polyesters
1 | INTRODUCTION Approximately 60% of household waste comes from single-use packaging. Due to the high cost of transport, processing and recycling of plastic packaging, it is simply more cost-effective [...]