Polarization optimization in the interference of four umbrellalike symmetric beams for making three-dimensional periodic microstructures

A systematic and comprehensive analysis of the interference of four umbrellalike beams (IFUB) is provided based on the reciprocal space theory. The concept of pattern contrast is extended to the case of the IFUB, and it is indicated that a uniform contrast for all the interference terms can be obtained by properly choosing the beam ratio and the polarization of each beam. Different polarization combinations, including linear light and linear light, circular light and circular light, and linear light and circular light, have been discussed for the purpose of maximum uniform contrast. It is shown that the use of circular light may generally improve the uniform contrast. This study may lay a theoretical foundation for holographic fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) periodic microstructures, such as simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, or trigonal lattice. OCIS codes: 090.2880, 220.4000, 260.5430.