The cation selectivity filter of the bacterial sodium channel, NaChBac

The Bacillus halodurans voltage-gated sodium-selective channel (NaChBac) (Ren, D., B. Navarro, H. Xu, L. Yue, Q. Shi, and D.E. Clapham. 200lb. Science. 294:2372-2375), is an ideal candidate for high resolution structural studies because it can be expressed in mammalian cells and its functional properties studied in detail. It has the added advantage of being a single six transmembrane (6TM) orthologue of a single repeat of mammalian voltage-gated [Ca.sup.2+] (Cav) and [Na.sub.+] (Nav) channels. Here we report that six amino acids in the pore domain (LESWAS) participate in the selectivity filter. Replacing the amino acid residues adjacent to glutamatic acid (E) by a negatively charged aspartate (D; LEDWAS) converted the [Na.sub.+]-selective NaChBac to a [Ca.sup.2+]- and [Na.sub.+]-permeant channel. When additional aspartates were incorporated (LDDWAD), the mutant channel resulted in a highly expressing voltage-gated [Ca.sup.2+]-selective conductance. KEY WORDS: bacterial channels * calcium channels * sodium channels * ion/membrane channel