Black dispatches : black American contributions to Union intelligence during the Civil War

Highlights the full text of "Black Dispatches: Black American Contributions to Union Intelligence During the Civil War," by P.K. Rose and published by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Notes that Black Dispatches was a common term used among Union military men for intelligence on Confederate forces provided by Negroes. Discusses the contributions of African Americans such as W.H. Ringgold, Mary Touvestre, Robert Smalls, and Harriet Tubman.