Prilog poznavanju sastava i raščlanjenosti šuma hrasta crnike u Istri

Šumska vegetacija Istre jedna je od najzanimljivijih u Republici Hrvatskoj. U njoj su šume hrasta crnike posebna vrijednost i zanimljivost. Osnovom sustavnih istraživanja tijekom posljednjih više od pedeset godina opća rasprostranjenost crnike u Istri nam je dobro poznata, no s druge strane o šumskim zajednicama hrasta crnike i njihovim fitocenološkim značajkama ima mnogo manje podataka, što upućuje na nedovoljnu istraženost i potrebu novih detaljnih istraživanja. Slijedom toga obavljena su sinekološko-vegetacijska terenska istraživanja crnikovih šuma na 12 lokaliteta u obalnom dijelu Istre od okolice Poreča na sjeverozapadu, preko zapadnih do južnih dijelova u okolici Pule te su analizirane i uspoređene sa sličnim crnikovim sastojinama u sjeverojadranskom primorju. Fitocenološka istraživanja provedena su prema klasičnim principima, a ukupno su klasično i pomoću multivarijantne analize obrađena 42 fitocenološka snimka. Također su za opis ekoloških uvjeta i razlika korištene ekoindikacijske vrijednosti prema Pignattiju (2005). Rezultati provedenih istraživanja i analiza pokazuju da istraživane šume hrasta crnike u Istri pripadaju asocijaciji Fraxino orni-Quercetum ilicis Horvatić (1956) 1958. U sklopu te asocijacije izdvojena je nova subasocijacija carpinetosum orientalis. Od ostalih subasocijacija šuma hrasta crnike i crnoga jasena razlikuje ih vrlo značajan udio listopadnih elemenata reda Quercetalia pubescentis koji karakteriziraju specifične sinekološke uvjete istraživanoga područja.
The forest vegetation of Istria is considered one of the most interesting vegetation types in the Republic of Croatia. This is confirmed by the presence of a large number of highly diverse forest communities occurring on the border between two completely different plant-geographical regions: the Mediterranean region and the Euro-Siberian – North American region. As climazonal vegetation, forests of holm oak in the Eu-Mediterranean represent special value and a particular asset. Owing to systematic research during the past fifty or more years, the general distribution of holm oak in Istria is well known; however, data on forest communities of holm oak and their phytocoenologcal characteristics are much less known. This means that until the present research, only about forty phytocoenological relevés of the forest stands of holm oak in Istria had been released, which clearly demonstrates that these stands have been insufficiently studied and that further detailed research is required. Synecological-vegetation research was undertaken in 12 localities in the coastal part of Istria, starting with the surroundings of Poreč in the north-west, across the western and southern parts, to the surroundings of Pula (Fig. 1). Phytocoenological research of forest vegetation was based on the principles of the Zurich-Montpellier School (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Our own phytocoenological relevés were entered into the Turboveg database (Hennekens and Schaminee 2001), together with 30 published phytocoenological relevés of forests of holm oak and manna ash, taken in a broader research area and described as the subassociations typicum and cotinetosum. A total of 42 phytocoenological relevés were statistically processed. In addition to classical analysis, numerical analysis by means of SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001) software was also conducted. Eco-indicator values according to Pignatti (2005) were applied to describe the ecological conditions using the floral composition, while the mean values