Altimontanska-subalpska smrekova šuma s obrubljenim gladcem (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietis ass. nova) na sjevernom Velebitu (Hrvatska)

U subalpskom (manjim dijelom u altimontanskom)vegetacij skom pojasu sjevernoga Velebita utvrđena je nova smrekova asocijacija s obrubljenim gladcem –Laserpitio krapfii-Pi ceetumass. nova. Rasprostire se na visinama od 1200 do 1600 m, na vap nenačkim sjevernim, sjenovitim i svježim padinama koje se spuštaju od vrho va prema vrtačama pod snažnim lokalnim mikroklimatskim utjecajima. U istraživanjima je primijenjena metoda ciriško-monpelješke fitocenološke škole sa šestostupanjskom skalom. Asocijacija je prikazana na temelju dvanaest fitocenoloških snimaka (analitička tablica I) i usporedbe s poznatim srodnim asocijacijama dinarskoga gorja Hrvatske i susjednih područja (sinoptička tab li ca II). Pripada podsvezi Vaccinio-PiceenionOberdorfer 1957, svezi Vaccinio-PiceionBr.-Bl. 1938, redu Vaccinio-Piceetalia Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939, razredu Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 em. Zupančič 1976. Smrekova fitocenoza s obrubljenim gladcem razvijena je kao trajni stadij, najčešće u pojasu pretplaninske bukove šume. Ona obuhvaća samo dio opisa Horvatove makroasocijacije Piceetum subalpinum croaticum(Horvat 1950, 1962, Horvat i dr. 1974), pa istraživanja drugih obilježja i areal treba proširiti na ostali dio Dinarida. Pojedine su sastojine veoma produktivne, no u velikom dijelu areala zajednica je zaštitnoga karaktera.
This research describes a new association of spruce with La serpitium krapfii(Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietisass. nova). Occurring in the subalpine belt of northern Velebit, it reaches altitudes between 1,200 and 1,600 m. Here, the association is developed as a permanent stage under the strong influence of the microclimate of more humid, colder and shadier sites. Locally, it descends into sinkholes and lower slopes all the way to the beech-fir forest (Omphalodo-Fagetum). It is generally incorporated within the belt of pre-alpine beech forest with large white buttercup (Ranunculo platanifo liae-Fagetum). Some stands are highly productive, but in a large part of the range the community has a protective character. The phytocoenosisLaserpitio krapfii-Piceetumhas macro-climatic featu res of the prealpine beech forest, in whose belt it is situated. However, its oc currence is predominantly determined by the microclimate modified primarily by the relief, altitude and other geomorphological factors (Cindrić 1973). The average annual temperature of the subalpine belt of northern Velebit is 3.5 °C, and the average annual precipitation is 1,898 mm (in the period 1961–1990, data from the State Hydro-Meteorological Institute). The parent material is made up of limestone breccias and limestone-dolomite blocks which often re surface. The soil is organogenic and organomineral calcomelanosol in mo saic with calcocambisol. In relation to calcomelanosols of other forest communities in the Zavižan area, calcomelanosols in this community are the richest in total nitrogen and humus content. Martinović (in Cestar et. al. 1977) found neutral reaction and base saturated adsorption complex in the humus-accumulative horizon and in the cambic horizon in calcomelanosols. He attributes his finding to the fragmented dolomitized limestones and brec cias which supply the soils with ample quantities of calcium. It is very impor tant to point this out, because in relation to other spruce associat