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Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome

Authors :
Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
Sanger Ctr, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, Cambs, England
Washington Univ, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA
US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77225 USA
RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan
Genoscope, F-91057 Evry, France
CNRS, UMR 8030, F-91057 Evry, France
Genome Therapeut Corp, GTC Sequencing Ctr, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
Inst Mol Biotechnol, Dept Genome Anal, D-07745 Jena, Germany
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet, Ctr Human Genome, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
So China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China
No China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China
Inst Syst Biol, Multimegabase Sequencing Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Stanford Univ, Stanford Human Genome Ctrr, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Univ Washington, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Mol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA
Univ Oklahoma, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA
Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Lita Annenberg Hazen Genome Ctr, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA
GBF, German Res Ctr Biotechnol, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
EMBL, European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England
Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Affymetrix Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA
RIKEN, Yokoham Inst, Genom Sci Ctr, Genom Explorat Res Grp, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Genet, Smurfit Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland
Compaq Comp Corp, Cambridge Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
MIT, Genome Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Weizmann Inst Sci, Crown Human Genet Ctr, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel
Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel
Univ Oxford, Dept Human Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Genet Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England
Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
US Dept Energy, Off Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA
Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, England
Lander, E.S.
Linton, L.M.
Birren, B.
Nusbaum, C.
Zody, M.C.
Baldwin, J.
Devon, K.
Dewar, K.
Doyle, M.
FitzHugh, W.
Funke, R.
Gage, D.
Harris, K.
Heaford, A.
Howland, J.
Kann, L.
Lehoczky, J.
LeVine, R.
McEwan, P.
McKernan, K.
Meldrim, J.
Mesirov, J.P.
Miranda, C.
Morris, W.
Naylor, J.
Raymond, C.
Rosetti, M.
Santos, R.
Sheridan, A.
Sougnez, C.
Stange-Thomann, N.
Stojanovic, N.
Subramanian, A.
Wyman, D.
Rogers, J.
Sulston, J.
Ainscough, R.
Beck, S.
Bentley, D.
Burton, J.
Clee, C.
Carter, N.
Coulson, A.
Deadman, R.
Deloukas, P.
Dunham, A.
Dunham, I.
Durbin, R.
French, L.
Grafham, D.
Gregory, S.
Hubbard, T.
Humphray, S.
Hunt, A.
Jones, M.
Lloyd, C.
McMurray, A.
Matthews, L.
Mercer, S.
Milne, S.
Mullikin, J.C.
Mungall, A.
Plumb, R.
Ross, M.
Shownkeen, R.
Sims, S.
Waterston, R.H.
Wilson, R.K.
Hillier, L.W.
McPherson, John D.
Marra, M.A.
Mardis, E.R.
Fulton, L.A.
Chinwalla, A.T.
Pepin, K.H.
Gish, W.R.
Chissoe, S.L.
Wendl, M.C.
Delehaunty, K.D.
Miner, T.L.
Delehaunty, A.
Kramer, J.B.
Cook, L.L.
Fulton, R.S.
Johnson, D.L.
Minx, P.J.
Clifton, S.W.
Hawkins, T.
Branscomb, E.
Predki, P.
Richardson, P.
Wenning, S.
Slezak, T.
Doggett, N.
Cheng, J.F.
Olsen, A.
Lucas, S.
Elkin, C.
Uberbacher, E.C.
Frazier, M.
Gibbs, R.A.
Muzny, D.M.
Scherer, S.E.
Bouck, J.B.
Sodergren, E.J.
Worley, K.C.
Rives, C.M.
Gorrell, J.H.
Metzker, M.L.
Naylor, S.L.
Kucherlapati, R.S.
Nelson, D.L.
Weinstock, G.M.
Sakaki, Y.
Fujiyama, A.
Hattori, M.
Yada, T.
Toyoda, A.
Itoh, T.
Kawagoe, C.
Watanabe, H.
Totoki, Y.
Taylor, T.
Weissenbach, J.
Heilig, R.
Saurin, W.
Artiguenave, F.
Brottier, P.
Bruls, T.
Pelletier, E.
Robert, C.
Wincker, P.
Rosenthal, A.
Platzer, M.
Nyakatura, G.
Taudien, S.
Rump, A.
Yang, H.M.
Yu, J.
Wang, J.
Huang, G.Y.
Gu, J.
Hood, L.
Rowen, L.
Madan, A.
Qin, S.Z.
Davis, R.W.
Federspiel, N.A.
Abola, A.P.
Proctor, M.J.
Myers, R.M.
Schmutz, J.
Dickson, M.
Grimwood, J.
Cox, D.R.
Olson, M.V.
Kaul, R.
Shimizu, N.
Kawasaki, K.
Minoshima, S.
Evans, G.A.
Athanasiou, M.
Schultz, R.
Roe, B.A.
Chen, F.
Pan, H.Q.
Ramser, J.
Lehrach, H.
Reinhardt, R.
McCombie, W.R.
De la Bastide, M.
Dedhia, N.
Blocker, H.
Hornischer, K.
Nordsiek, G.
Agarwala, R.
Aravind, L.
Bailey, J.A.
Bateman, A.
Batzoglou, S.
Birney, E.
Bork, P.
Brown, D.G.
Burge, C.B.
Cerutti, L.
Chen, H.C.
Church, D.
Clamp, M.
Copley, R.R.
Doerks, T.
Eddy, S.R.
Eichler, E.E.
Furey, T.S.
Galagan, J.
Gilbert, Jgr
Harmon, C.
Hayashizaki, Y.
Haussler, D.
Hermjakob, H.
Hokamp, K.
Jang, W.H.
Johnson, L.S.
Jones, T.A.
Kasif, S.
Kaspryzk, A.
Kennedy, S.
Kent, W.J.
Kitts, P.
Koonin, E.V.
Korf, I.
Kulp, D.
Lancet, D.
Lowe, T.M.
McLysaght, A.
Mikkelsen, T.
Moran, J.V.
Mulder, N.
Pollara, V.J.
Ponting, C.P.
Schuler, G.
Schultz, J.R.
Slater, G.
Smit, A.F.A.
Stupka, E.
Szustakowki, J.
Thierry-Mieg, D.
Thierry-Mieg, J.
Wagner, L.
Wallis, J.
Wheeler, R.
Williams, A.
Wolf, Y.I.
Wolfe, K.H.
Yang, S.P.
Yeh, R.F.
Collins, F.
Guyer, M.S.
Peterson, J.
Felsenfeld, A.
Wetterstrand, K.A.
Patrinos, A.
Morgan, M.J.
Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
Sanger Ctr, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, Cambs, England
Washington Univ, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA
US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77225 USA
RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan
Genoscope, F-91057 Evry, France
CNRS, UMR 8030, F-91057 Evry, France
Genome Therapeut Corp, GTC Sequencing Ctr, Waltham, MA 02453 USA
Inst Mol Biotechnol, Dept Genome Anal, D-07745 Jena, Germany
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet, Ctr Human Genome, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
So China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China
No China Natl Human Genome Res Ctr, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China
Inst Syst Biol, Multimegabase Sequencing Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Stanford Univ, Stanford Human Genome Ctrr, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Univ Washington, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Mol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA
Univ Oklahoma, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA
Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Lita Annenberg Hazen Genome Ctr, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA
GBF, German Res Ctr Biotechnol, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
EMBL, European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England
Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Affymetrix Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA
RIKEN, Yokoham Inst, Genom Sci Ctr, Genom Explorat Res Grp, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Genet, Smurfit Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland
Compaq Comp Corp, Cambridge Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
MIT, Genome Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Weizmann Inst Sci, Crown Human Genet Ctr, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel
Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-71600 Rehovot, Israel
Univ Oxford, Dept Human Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Genet Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England
Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
US Dept Energy, Off Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA
Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, England
Lander, E.S.
Linton, L.M.
Birren, B.
Nusbaum, C.
Zody, M.C.
Baldwin, J.
Devon, K.
Dewar, K.
Doyle, M.
FitzHugh, W.
Funke, R.
Gage, D.
Harris, K.
Heaford, A.
Howland, J.
Kann, L.
Lehoczky, J.
LeVine, R.
McEwan, P.
McKernan, K.
Meldrim, J.
Mesirov, J.P.
Miranda, C.
Morris, W.
Naylor, J.
Raymond, C.
Rosetti, M.
Santos, R.
Sheridan, A.
Sougnez, C.
Stange-Thomann, N.
Stojanovic, N.
Subramanian, A.
Wyman, D.
Rogers, J.
Sulston, J.
Ainscough, R.
Beck, S.
Bentley, D.
Burton, J.
Clee, C.
Carter, N.
Coulson, A.
Deadman, R.
Deloukas, P.
Dunham, A.
Dunham, I.
Durbin, R.
French, L.
Grafham, D.
Gregory, S.
Hubbard, T.
Humphray, S.
Hunt, A.
Jones, M.
Lloyd, C.
McMurray, A.
Matthews, L.
Mercer, S.
Milne, S.
Mullikin, J.C.
Mungall, A.
Plumb, R.
Ross, M.
Shownkeen, R.
Sims, S.
Waterston, R.H.
Wilson, R.K.
Hillier, L.W.
McPherson, John D.
Marra, M.A.
Mardis, E.R.
Fulton, L.A.
Chinwalla, A.T.
Pepin, K.H.
Gish, W.R.
Chissoe, S.L.
Wendl, M.C.
Delehaunty, K.D.
Miner, T.L.
Delehaunty, A.
Kramer, J.B.
Cook, L.L.
Fulton, R.S.
Johnson, D.L.
Minx, P.J.
Clifton, S.W.
Hawkins, T.
Branscomb, E.
Predki, P.
Richardson, P.
Wenning, S.
Slezak, T.
Doggett, N.
Cheng, J.F.
Olsen, A.
Lucas, S.
Elkin, C.
Uberbacher, E.C.
Frazier, M.
Gibbs, R.A.
Muzny, D.M.
Scherer, S.E.
Bouck, J.B.
Sodergren, E.J.
Worley, K.C.
Rives, C.M.
Gorrell, J.H.
Metzker, M.L.
Naylor, S.L.
Kucherlapati, R.S.
Nelson, D.L.
Weinstock, G.M.
Sakaki, Y.
Fujiyama, A.
Hattori, M.
Yada, T.
Toyoda, A.
Itoh, T.
Kawagoe, C.
Watanabe, H.
Totoki, Y.
Taylor, T.
Weissenbach, J.
Heilig, R.
Saurin, W.
Artiguenave, F.
Brottier, P.
Bruls, T.
Pelletier, E.
Robert, C.
Wincker, P.
Rosenthal, A.
Platzer, M.
Nyakatura, G.
Taudien, S.
Rump, A.
Yang, H.M.
Yu, J.
Wang, J.
Huang, G.Y.
Gu, J.
Hood, L.
Rowen, L.
Madan, A.
Qin, S.Z.
Davis, R.W.
Federspiel, N.A.
Abola, A.P.
Proctor, M.J.
Myers, R.M.
Schmutz, J.
Dickson, M.
Grimwood, J.
Cox, D.R.
Olson, M.V.
Kaul, R.
Shimizu, N.
Kawasaki, K.
Minoshima, S.
Evans, G.A.
Athanasiou, M.
Schultz, R.
Roe, B.A.
Chen, F.
Pan, H.Q.
Ramser, J.
Lehrach, H.
Reinhardt, R.
McCombie, W.R.
De la Bastide, M.
Dedhia, N.
Blocker, H.
Hornischer, K.
Nordsiek, G.
Agarwala, R.
Aravind, L.
Bailey, J.A.
Bateman, A.
Batzoglou, S.
Birney, E.
Bork, P.
Brown, D.G.
Burge, C.B.
Cerutti, L.
Chen, H.C.
Church, D.
Clamp, M.
Copley, R.R.
Doerks, T.
Eddy, S.R.
Eichler, E.E.
Furey, T.S.
Galagan, J.
Gilbert, Jgr
Harmon, C.
Hayashizaki, Y.
Haussler, D.
Hermjakob, H.
Hokamp, K.
Jang, W.H.
Johnson, L.S.
Jones, T.A.
Kasif, S.
Kaspryzk, A.
Kennedy, S.
Kent, W.J.
Kitts, P.
Koonin, E.V.
Korf, I.
Kulp, D.
Lancet, D.
Lowe, T.M.
McLysaght, A.
Mikkelsen, T.
Moran, J.V.
Mulder, N.
Pollara, V.J.
Ponting, C.P.
Schuler, G.
Schultz, J.R.
Slater, G.
Smit, A.F.A.
Stupka, E.
Szustakowki, J.
Thierry-Mieg, D.
Thierry-Mieg, J.
Wagner, L.
Wallis, J.
Wheeler, R.
Williams, A.
Wolf, Y.I.
Wolfe, K.H.
Yang, S.P.
Yeh, R.F.
Collins, F.
Guyer, M.S.
Peterson, J.
Felsenfeld, A.
Wetterstrand, K.A.
Patrinos, A.
Morgan, M.J.
Source :
Nature
Publication Year :
2009

Abstract

The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

Details

Database :
OAIster
Journal :
Nature
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.ocn894393263
Document Type :
Electronic Resource

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