Automatic and manual functional annotation in a distributed web service environment

While the number of genomic sequences becoming available is increasing exponentially, most genes are not functionally well characterized. Finding out more about the function of a gene and about functional relationships between genes will be the next big bottleneck in the post-genomic era. On the one hand improved pipelines and tools are needed in this context, because running experiments for all predicted genes is not feasible. On the other hand manual curation of the automatic predictions is necessary to judge the reliability of the automatic annotation and to get a more comprehensive view on the function of each individual gene. For the automatic functional annotation often a homology based function transfer from functionally characterized genes is applied using methods like Blast. However, this approach has many drawbacks and makes systematic errors by not taking care of speciation and duplication events. Phylogenomics has shown to improve the functional prediction accuracy by taking the evolutionary history of genes in a phylogenetic tree context into account. In this thesis the manual process from the assembly of the DNA sequence to the functional characterization of genes and the identification and comparison of shared syntenic regions, including the identification of candidate genes for pathogen resistance in potato chromosome V, is explained and problems discussed. To improve the automatic functional annotation in genome projects, a phylogenomic pipeline, which includes SIFTER one of the best phylogenomic tools in this area, is introduced, improved and tested in the Medicago truncatula, Sorghum bicolor and Solanum lycopersicum genome projects. To obtain new candidate genes for the development of new drugs and crop protection products, non-plant specific genes, like the transferrin family which is not known in plants yet, are extracted from the M. truncatula and S. bicolor genomes and further investigated. For further improvement of the annotation, a new phyl