Religionssatirens fødsel ud af grådighedskritikkens ånd

Artiklen argumenterer for at den europæiske tradition for religionssatire opstod på tærsklen til det 12. århundrede, hvor en gruppe satirikere - for første gang i Europas historie - åbent gik til angreb på den kristne kirke. Artiklen argumenterer endvidere for at denne angrebsivrige satire ikke kan medregnes til den karnevalistiske tradition, som Mikhail Bakhtin har gjort berømt. Den udgør i stedet en selvstændig tradition, som er blevet videreført og videreudviklet af bl.a. Erasmus af Rotterdam, Jonathan Swift, Denis Diderot, Francois Voltaire, Heinrich Heine og mange flere.
At the threshold of the twelfth century a seminal event occurred in European literature. For the first time in European history, satirical texts openly attacked the Christian Church exposing it as imbued with avarice, corruption, bribery, and greed for money. Satirical texts such as the "Treatise of Garcia of Toledo", which describes how clerics worship the ‘martyrs’ Silver and Gold, and the so-called "Money-Gospel" in which the pope praises the bliss of wealth, gave birth to a new and distinctly anticlerical form of satire. Although this new anticlerical satire at first only constituted a small and anonymous underground movement, it was later continued and developed by satirists such as Erasmus, Molière, Swift, Diderot, Voltaire and Heine. In this way, anticlerical satire became a major tradition in modern European literature. The article first describes how the European tradition for anticlerical satire was born out of an increasingly skeptical attitude towards clerical cupidity and simony in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Secondly, it analyses the above mentioned satires by focusing on the grotesque differences between Christian ideals and clerical practice in the satires. Finally, it argues that this new anticlerical satire constituted a tradition of its own, which was fundamentally different from the carnivalistic tradition, made famous by Mikhail Bakhtin.