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HDL function and novel HDL-targeted therapies for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: From mouse models to human disease

Authors :
Canyelles, Marina
Cedó, Lídia
Julve, Josep
Escolà-Gil, Joan Carles
Blanco-Vaca, Francisco
Canyelles, Marina
Cedó, Lídia
Julve, Josep
Escolà-Gil, Joan Carles
Blanco-Vaca, Francisco
Source :
Contributions to Science; Vol. 13 Núm. 1 (2017); 17-32; Contributions to Science; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2017); 17-32; Contributions to Science; Vol. 13 Núm. 1 (2017); 17-32; 2013-410X; 1575-6343
Publication Year :
2018

Abstract

Malgrat que la relació inversa entre les concentracions baixes de colesterol associat a lipoproteïnes d’alta densitat i l’increment del risc de patir una malaltia cardiovascular està comunament acceptada, l’ús d’alguns fàrmacs que incrementen les concentracions de colesterol d’HDL no s’ha trobat associat a una reducció en l’aparició d’episodis cardiovasculars. Es considera que el transport revers de colesterol (RCT) és el principal responsable de l’efecte cardioprotector de l’HDL, estimulant el flux de colesterol des dels macròfags de les cèl·lules escumoses en la lesió arterioscleròtica cap a fetge on és eliminat parcialment en femtes. A més del RCT, les HDL tenen altres propietats cardioprotectores degudes als seus efectes antioxidant i antiinflamatori. Els estudis en ratolins modificats genèticament han permès demostrar que aquestes funcions de les HDL estan associades a la susceptibilitat a l’arterioesclerosi i suggereixen que fàrmacs que les puguin estimular podrien ser considerats com a noves estratègies terapèutiques per a prevenir el desenvolupament de la placa arterioescleròtica i el risc d’episodis cardiovasculars. El potencial antitumorogènic de les HDL és una àrea d’investigació recent. Aquests tipus d’investigacions són essencials per a poder traslladar els resultats obtinguts a humans.<br />Although significant evidence supports the concept that low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the failure of several HDL-targeted therapies to reduce CVD has cast doubts on the HDL-C hypothesis. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is currently thought to be a major HDL cardioprotective property by which HDL promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells and delivers that cholesterol to the liver, from where it will be partly eliminated through bile and feces. Beyond RCT, HDL exhibits other cardioprotective properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Data from genetically-engineered mice indicate that these HDL functions are closely associated with atherosclerosis susceptibility, thereby suggesting that the promotion of HDL functional properties may be considered a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the atherosclerotic plaque burden and subsequent cardiovascular events. Furthermore, the potential anti-tumorigenic role of HDL is currently under investigation. This research has been essential for trying to translate experimental results obtained in mice to humans. The results of several recent human studies indicate that enhanced macrophage cholesterol efflux, the first step of RCT, is inversely associated with CVD events. Therefore, the current research is focused on improving HDL function rather than simply targeting HDL-C levels.Keywords: HDL, cardiovascular disease, CETP, apoA-I, ATP-binding cassette, reverse cholesterol transport, nuclear receptors

Details

Database :
OAIster
Journal :
Contributions to Science; Vol. 13 Núm. 1 (2017); 17-32; Contributions to Science; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2017); 17-32; Contributions to Science; Vol. 13 Núm. 1 (2017); 17-32; 2013-410X; 1575-6343
Notes :
application/pdf, English
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.on1035765315
Document Type :
Electronic Resource