Artemia salina Lethality and Histopathological Studies of Siam Weed, Chromolaena odorata

Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata, leaves, stem, and root were extracted with aqueous and ethanol solvents within 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours. The extractions were determined amount of total phenolic compound using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The extract that showed the highest amount of total phenolic compound was used for evaluating the cytotoxicity test against Artemia salina at varying concentrations as 0, 50, 500, 5,000 and 50,000 ppm. The cytotoxicity data were determined the median and 90% lethal concentration, LC50 and LC90, respectively, within 24 hours. The result revealed that the highest amount of total phenolic compound was 198.02+3.96 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of aqueous leaf extraction in 24 h. Therefore, the 24-hour aqueous extract of C. odorata leaf expressed the 24-h LC50 and LC90 values in A. salina were 43, 551 and 78,391 ppm, respectively. The lesions were observed in intestinal parts such as edema, deformation or elongation of the enterocytes, blebbing cells, and pyknotic cells.