The role of microbiota in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease

Researchers related to micobiota have claimed that intestinal microbiome exerts an effect on development of disease in many organ systems. Fat tissue, kidneys, heart and vasculature, intestines and even brain tissue are affected by dysbiosis of gut flora. With the increasing number, and quality of the studies, the topics investigated have demonstrated variations from being focused solely on microbiome itself to metabolites of this flora penetrating into serum and immune response of the body to these metabolites. Metabolites released by intestinal flora trigger chronic inflammation in the body and lead to the development of metabolic syndrome, chronic renal disease or cardiovascular diseases. With such a vast gamut of diseases and pathologic conditions related to intestinal microbiome, it should come as no surprise that there have been attempts at treatment of dysbiosis with methods including flora transfer from healthy individuals. This review will focus on these disease states and how they are affected by dysbiosis of flora. The roles played by specific metabolites that increase during intestinal dysbiosis such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate or trimethylamine N-oxide in chronic kidney disease and atherosclerosis will be discussed. Besides, increase in the permeability of intestinal barriers due to the evolvement of uremia as a result of chronic renal disease, ensuing development of dysbiosis, and the effects of these diseases on dysbiosis will be also dealt with. / Mikrobiyota hakkındaki araştırmalar bir çok sistemdeki hastalık gelişiminde bağırsak mikrobiyomunun etkisi olduğunu iddia ediyor. Bunlardan birkaçı; yağ doku, kalp, dolaşım sistemi, sindirim sistemi ve hatta santral sinir sistemidir. Bu konudaki araştırmaların sayısının ve kalitesinin artmasıyla birlikte üzerinde araştırılan konular; bağırsak mikrobiyomunun saf oluşumundan, bu floranın kana geçiş yapan metabolitleri ve vucüdun buna verdiği tepkiye kadar çeşitlilik göstermeye başladı. Bağırsak flora
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