Lanthanides-Substituted Hydroxyapatite/Aloe vera Composite Coated Titanium Plate for Bone Tissue Regeneration

This paper has been retractedSelvakani Prabakaran, 1 Mariappan Rajan, 1 Changwei Lv, 2 Guolin Meng 3 1Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India; 2Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, Xi’an 710018, Mainland China; 3Orthopaedic Department of Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, Mainland ChinaCorrespondence: Changwei Lv Department of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, Xi’an 710018, Mainland ChinaEmail lucwei76@sina.comPurpose: To develop the surface-treated metal implant with highly encouraged positive properties, including high anti-corrosiveness, bio-activeness and bio-compatibleness for orthopedic applications.Methods: In this work, the surface of commercially pure titanium (Ti) metal was treated with bio-compatible polydopamine (PD) by merely immersing the Ti plate in PD solution. The composite of trivalent lanthanide minerals (La 3+, Ce 3+ and Gd 3+)-substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP) with Aloe vera (AV) gel was prepared and coated on the PD-Ti plate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The choice of trivalent lanthanide ions is based on their bio-compatible nature and bone-seeking properties. The formation of the PD layer, composites, and composite coatings on Ti plate and PD-Ti surface was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM observations. In-vitro assessments such as osteoblasts like MG-63 cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability of the MHAP/AV composite were tested, and the composite-coated plate was implanted into a rat bone defect model for in-vivo bone regeneration studies.Results: The coating ability of the MHAP/AV composite was highly preferred to PD-treated Ti plate than an untreated Ti plate due