Fingerprinting Electronic Structure of Heme Iron by Ab Initio Modeling of Metal L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectra

The capability of the multiconfigurational restricted active space approach to identify electronic structure from spectral fingerprints is explored by applying it to iron L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of three heme systems that represent the limiting descriptions of iron in the Fe-O-2 bond, ferrous and ferric [Fe(P)(ImH)(2)](0/1+) (P = porphine, ImH = imidazole), and Fe-II(P). The level of agreement between experimental and simulated spectral shapes is calculated using the cosine similarity, which gives a quantitative and unbiased assignment. Further dimensions in fingerprinting are obtained from the L-edge branching ratio, the integrated absorption intensity, and the edge position. The results show how accurate ab initio simulations of metal L-edge XAS can complement calculations of relative energies to identify unknown species in chemical reactions.