Restraint Stress in Hypertensive Rats Activates the Intestinal Macrophages and Reduces Intestinal Barrier Accompanied by Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis

Tiantian Wang,1 Lei Gao,2 Zejun Yang,3 Feifei Wang,3 Yuexin Guo,4 Boya Wang,5 Rongxuan Hua,3 Hongwei Shang,6 Jingdong Xu1 1Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Oral Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China; 5Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China; 6Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jingdong Xu Tel +86-10-83911469Email xujingdong@ccmu.edu.cnPurpose: Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In recent years, there were numerous studies on the function of stress in HTN. However, the gut dysbiosis linked to hypertension in animal models under stress is still incompletely understood. Purpose of this study is to use multiple determination method to determine the juvenile stage intestinal bacteria, cytokines and changes in hormone levels.Methods: Four groups of juvenile male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly selected as control and experimental groups. Rats in the two stress groups were exposed to restraint stress for 3 hours per day for 7 consecutive days. In one day three times in the method of non-invasive type tail-cuff monitoring blood pressure. The detailed mechanism was illuminated based on the intestinal change using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining and the