Persistent Cup-Length

Cohomological ideas have recently been injected into persistent homology and have for example been used for accelerating the calculation of persistence diagrams by the software Ripser. The cup product operation which is available at cohomology level gives rise to a graded ring structure that extends the usual vector space structure and is therefore able to extract and encode additional rich information. The maximum number of cocycles having non-zero cup product yields an invariant, the cup-length, which is useful for discriminating spaces. In this paper, we lift the cup-length into the persistent cup-length function for the purpose of capturing ring-theoretic information about the evolution of the cohomology (ring) structure across a filtration. We show that the persistent cup-length function can be computed from a family of representative cocycles and devise a polynomial time algorithm for its computation. We furthermore show that this invariant is stable under suitable interleaving-type distances.
Comment: The full version of a paper accepted to SoCG 2022; contains 4 appendix sections to provide proofs, extra examples and other related results to the SoCG version. Compared to previous versions, the subsection about \ell-fold products of persistent cohomology is not included here. Readers interested in those results should refer to the older versions for now