Comparison of PREDICTS atherosclerosis biomarker changes after initiation of new treatments in patients with SLE

Objective Patients with SLE have an increased risk ofatherosclerosis (ATH) that is not adequately explainedby traditional risk factors. We previously described thePredictors of Risk for Elevated Flares, Damage Progression,and Increased Cardiovascular disease in PaTients withSLE (PREDICTS) atherosclerosis-risk panel, which includesproinflammatory HDL (piHDL), leptin, soluble tumournecrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK)and homocysteine, as well as age and diabetes. A highPREDICTS score confers 28-fold increased odds forfuture atherosclerosis in SLE. The aim of this study is todetermine whether PREDICTS biomarkers are modifiable bycommon lupus therapies.Methods This prospective observational study includedSLE subjects started on new lupus treatments. Leptin,sTWEAK, homocysteine and antioxidant function of HDLwere measured at baseline (prior to drug initiation), 6weeks and 12 weeks.Results 16 subjects started mycophenolate (MMF), 18azathioprine (AZA) and 25 hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).In MMF-treated subjects, HDL function progressivelyimproved from 2.23 ± 1.32 at baseline to 1.37±0.81at 6 weeks (p=0.02) and 0.93±0.54 at 12 weeks(p=0.009). sTWEAK levels also improved in MMF-treatedsubjects from 477.5±447.1 to 290.3±204.6 pg/mLafter 12 weeks (p=0.04), but leptin and homocysteinelevels were not significantly changed. In HCQ-treatedsubjects, only HDL function improved from 1.80±1.29 atbaseline to 1.03±0.74 after 12 weeks (p=0.05). Therewere no changes in the AZA group. MMF treatmentwas still associated with significant improvements inHDL function after accounting for potential confounderssuch as total prednisone dose and changes in diseaseactivity. Overall, the mean number of high-risk PREDICTSbiomarkers at week 12 significantly decreased in theentire group of patients started on a new lupus therapy(2.1±0.9 to 1.8±0.9, p=0.02) and in the MMF-treatedgroup (2.4±0.8 vs 1.8±0.9, p=0.003), but not in theAZA or HCQ groups. In multivariate analysis, the odds ofhaving