Utilization of Internal Bracing in Elbow Medial UCL Stabilization: From Biomechanics to Clinical Application and Patient Outcomes

Andre Anvari, Amir Fathi, Ioanna K Bolia, Eric Piatt, Laith K Hasan, Aryan Haratian, Alexander E Weber, Frank A Petrigliano USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Frank A PetriglianoUSC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, San Pablo st#2000, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USATel +1 310 403-0441Email fpetrigliano@gmail.comAbstract: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction has been successfully utilized to treat symptomatic UCL insufficiency in overhead athletes. Despite the overall success of the procedure, attempts have been made to improve upon the original technique with the goal of hastening return to sport. Most recently, there has been interest in repairing or reconstructing the native ligament with internal brace (IB) augmentation. Biomechanical cadaveric studies assessing UCL repair with IB augmentation have attempted to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment; however, the literature is seemingly divided on its benefit. Preliminary clinical studies suggest internal bracing may allow a faster return to sport than conventional techniques. The purpose of this review was to provide an analysis of the current evidence on IB augmentation in UCL repair of the elbow as it pertains to biomechanical advantages/disadvantages, reported surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes in comparison with traditional UCL reconstruction techniques.Keywords: return to sport, elbow, internal brace, UCL