Uniform Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Investigation of LPS–TLR4 Signaling

Taking its toll: LPS-coated magnetic nanoparticles (LMNPs) are synthesized by noncovalently linking LPS to oleylamine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. LMNPs are stable, water-soluble, have homogeneous size and shape, and load an average of 130 LPS molecules. LMNPs induce mild CD14-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in innate immune cells (see picture). Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.