Remediation strategies for historical mining and smelting sites.

Remediation strategies are reviewed for metal/metalloid-contaminated historical mining sites with particular reference to in situ remediation using soil amendments and phytoremediation. Adsorption-based soil amendment methods are described including liming materials, organic matter amendments and the use as adsorbents of Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides and zeolites. Precipitation based methods for the immobilisation of metals and As are considered. Phytoremediation methods are discussed, in particular the use of phytoextraction for metal- contaminated soil. The limitations of each of the methods are considered.
Remediation strategies are reviewed for metal/metalloid-contaminated historical mining sites with particular reference to in situ remediation using soil amendments and phytoremediation. Adsorption-based soil amendment methods are described including liming materials, organic matter amendments and the use as adsorbents of Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides and zeolites. Precipitation based methods for the immobilisation of metals and As are considered. Phytoremediation methods are discussed, in particular the use of phytoextraction for metal- contaminated soil. The limitations of each of the methods are considered.