Adolescents and dietary calcium

Calcium requirements are increased during adolescence due to the accelerated growth and development of this period. An adequate calcium intake during growth is decisive to reach the maximum peak bone mass, which protects against future resorption and osteoporosis, a disease whose incidence is increasing progressively in Western countries. Hormonal changes associated with puberty have a great influence on calcium absorption and retention, thus promoting calcium metabolism and enhancing bone mineralization. In addition, the lifestyle and dietary habits of adolescents should be aimed to promote calcium absorption the formation of the bone mass. Diet, therefore, must contribute nutrients in sufficient quality and quantity to allow maximum bone mass development. Mediterranean patterns, together with physical activity, should be recommended among adolescent population as a useful dietary model to facilitate the utilization of dietary calcium and prevent degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis.