Prisustvo plesni i njihovih sekundarnih metabolita u hrani za svinje

Mikološke i mikotoksikološke analize mnogih hraniva i potpunih smeša za ishranu raznih vrsta i kategorija životinja, pokazale su da je pitanje higijenske ispravnosti hrane dugo godina veoma aktuelno. Dokazano je da plesniva hrana može da sadrži razne vrste mikotoksina, među kojima su u našim uslovima najčešće ispitivani aflatoksin, ohratoksin, zearalenon i neki trihoteceni. Na osnovu laboratorijskih ispitivanja 107 uzoraka smeša za ishranu prasadi, 55 smeša za ishranu tovnih svinja, 46 smeša za ishranu priplodnih svinja, dostavljanih na analize u Naučni institut za veterinarstvo Srbije u Beogradu tokom dvogodišnjeg perioda, dobijeni su rezultati koji upućuju na često prisustvo plesni i njihovih sekundarnih metabolita, i to prvenstveno zearalenona, ohratoksina i aflatoksina. Mada najčešće utvrđeni nivoi kontaminenata ne prelaze maksimalno dozvoljene količine prema važećoj regulativi, imajući u vidu kumulativni efekat i moguću hroničnu izloženost životinja njihovom štetnom dejstvu i u ovakvim slučajevima potrebna je odgovarajuća stručna reakcija. Naime, i onda kada se ne manifestuju direktni gubici kao posledica uginjavanja životinja, ne smeju se zanemariti indirektne štete usled pada proizvodnje i pojave sekundarnih oboljenja.
Mycological and mycotoxicological analysis of many feedingstuffs and complete mashes for different animal species and categories have shown that the feed safety problem has been present for years. It is approved that mouldy feed can contain various mycotoxins, but among them in our conditions the most investigated are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone and some trichotecenes. Based on laboratory feed inspection of 107 samples of feed for pigs, 55 samples of feed for fattening swine and 46 samples of feed for swine for reproduction, sent to be analysed in the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia in Belgrade, it was concluded that fungi and mycotoxins contamination are common. Primarily presence of zearalenone, ochratoxine and aflatoxin was proven. Although these levels usually do not exceed limits layed by actual legislation, having on mind cumulative effects and possibal chronical exposure of animals to their harmful influence, appropriate and competent approach is necessary. In fact, even when direct loses, as concequence of high mortality are not present, indirect loses due to drop of animal performances and production and occurrence of secondary infections must not be neglected.