Estimation of moisture distribution in sawn timber using computed tomography

Most of the physical, mechanical, and esthetic properties of wood products are affected by the drying of sawn timber. A better understanding of moisture transport in wood during kiln drying is necessary to obtain better quality products, shorter drying schedules, lower energy consumption, and a more sustainable process. Four-dimensional X-ray computed tomography (4DCT) (three-dimensional in space and one in time) with image processing techniques can be used to study the moisture content (MC) of sawn timber during kiln drying. The development of the technique is however made difficult by computational complexity and a lack of accurate experimental validation. In this study, a method relying on 4DCT has been developed using state-of-the-art image processing techniques. The method was validated by a regression analysis of the predicted MC against gravimetric measurements for different timber cross sections and differentinitial MC distributions on a significantly smaller scale than has previously been investigated. It is concluded that the MC can be estimated with an average uncertainty of ±4.8 percentage points on a 10 mm scale. Sawmills could ultimately benefit from a better understanding of wood-water interactions and dry sawn timber more efficiently.